{"id":117216,"date":"2025-03-23T19:46:57","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T17:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eskadalys.lt\/?p=117216"},"modified":"2025-10-07T12:37:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T09:37:31","slug":"conseils-dun-mecanicien-sur-la-facon-de-remplacer-les-axes-et-les-bagues-dune-chargeuse-pelleteuse-et-pourquoi-il-est-necessaire-de-le-faire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eskadalys.lt\/fr\/mechaniko-patarimas-kaip-pakeisti-kaiscius-ir-ivores-ekskavatoriui-krautuvui-ir-kodel-ta-butina-daryti\/","title":{"rendered":"Conseils du m\u00e9canicien\u00a0: comment remplacer les axes et les bagues d\u2019une pelle hydraulique\/chargeuse et pourquoi c\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Conseils du m\u00e9canicien\u00a0: comment remplacer les axes et les bagues d\u2019une pelle hydraulique\/chargeuse et pourquoi c\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Le travail des engins de chantier consiste principalement \u00e0 creuser, pousser et charger la terre. Des \u00e9l\u00e9ments tels que la fl\u00e8che, le godet et l'articulation de la fl\u00e8che assurent ces op\u00e9rations. Tous ces composants sont reli\u00e9s par des axes et des bagues. Il est donc primordial de veiller \u00e0 leur bon \u00e9tat, de les inspecter et de les lubrifier r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. Il est n\u00e9cessaire d'utiliser la graisse appropri\u00e9e et, lors de la lubrification, de v\u00e9rifier le bon fonctionnement des points et canaux de lubrification.<\/p>

Goupilles et bagues<\/a><\/strong> Ces pi\u00e8ces sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme consommables car elles s'usent t\u00f4t ou tard. Il ne faut pas les n\u00e9gliger et les laisser s'user compl\u00e8tement, car cela peut entra\u00eener des pannes plus graves. De plus, leur remplacement en temps voulu permet d'\u00e9viter des r\u00e9parations co\u00fbteuses. Une goupille excessivement us\u00e9e (un jeu en entra\u00eenant un autre) endommage la bague, qui \u00e0 son tour endommage le logement de fixation. Dans ce cas, un simple remplacement de la bague ne suffit plus\u00a0: il faut restaurer le logement, une op\u00e9ration tr\u00e8s co\u00fbteuse et complexe.<\/p>

N\u00e9gliger ou ignorer les axes et les bagues peut compliquer le travail, car le jeu qui en r\u00e9sulte emp\u00eache un contr\u00f4le pr\u00e9cis de l'\u00e9quipement (les op\u00e9rateurs plaisantent en disant qu'ils n'arrivent pas \u00e0 ins\u00e9rer le godet correctement dans le trou). Avec le temps, ces jeux peuvent s'accro\u00eetre et finir par provoquer la rupture de la fl\u00e8che, ce qui peut s'av\u00e9rer dangereux pour les personnes travaillant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9.<\/p>

Lors du remplacement d'axes et de bagues, il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de remplacer toutes les pi\u00e8ces, au moins celles du m\u00eame composant, car le d\u00e9montage reste n\u00e9cessaire. Cela \u00e9vite des retouches peu apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9paration. Si un axe et une bague doivent \u00eatre remplac\u00e9s, il est probable que les autres composants s'usent rapidement, m\u00eame s'ils semblent en bon \u00e9tat. Si un axe relie deux \u00e9l\u00e9ments, il est n\u00e9cessaire de remplacer tous les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la liaison.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Remplacement des axes de pivot et des bagues d'une chargeuse-pelleteuse<\/strong><\/p>

Avant de remplacer les bagues du cadre de la balan\u00e7oire, il est n\u00e9cessaire de bien laver l'\u00e9quipement pour \u00e9liminer les r\u00e9sidus de salet\u00e9 et de graisse\u00a0; cela facilitera le travail.<\/p>

Ensuite, l'excavatrice doit \u00eatre plac\u00e9e sur une base stable et ses stabilisateurs abaiss\u00e9s afin qu'elle ne repose pas sur des pneus instables. Le ch\u00e2ssis doit \u00eatre s\u00e9curis\u00e9 par des supports ou des blocs de bois.<\/p>

D\u00e9ployez ensuite compl\u00e8tement la fl\u00e8che arri\u00e8re. Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable d'utiliser le godet le plus large pour une meilleure stabilit\u00e9 de la fl\u00e8che d\u00e9ploy\u00e9e. Retirez la goupille de fixation du v\u00e9rin de levage et r\u00e9tractez compl\u00e8tement la tige de piston. Placez des r\u00e9cipients plats sous le distributeur arri\u00e8re pour recueillir l'huile qui aurait pu s'\u00e9couler des flexibles hydrauliques d\u00e9branch\u00e9s.<\/p>

Cette huile n'est pas r\u00e9utilisable en raison de sa forte contamination. Apr\u00e8s avoir d\u00e9viss\u00e9 les flexibles hydrauliques, faites-les passer \u00e0 travers le b\u00e2ti de rotation, placez-les sur la fl\u00e8che et fixez-les de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 ce qu'ils ne g\u00eanent pas les mouvements. Fixez ensuite la fl\u00e8che arri\u00e8re \u00e0 la nacelle (\u00e0 l'aide de sangles homologu\u00e9es), retirez les goupilles reliant la fl\u00e8che au b\u00e2ti de rotation et d\u00e9placez l'ensemble de la fl\u00e8che sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9, en veillant \u00e0 \u00e9viter tout basculement.<\/p>

Ensuite, retirez la vis de blocage des axes des v\u00e9rins de pivot et chassez-les. Puis, d\u00e9montez la plaque de montage, d\u00e9vissez les flexibles d'alimentation hydraulique et retirez les v\u00e9rins de pivot.<\/p>

Suspendez maintenant le cadre de la balan\u00e7oire \u00e0 un palan et retirez la goupille inf\u00e9rieure. Comme les goupilles seront remplac\u00e9es, il est inutile de d\u00e9visser l'\u00e9crou\u00a0: il est souvent trop serr\u00e9. Il est donc pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de le couper \u00e0 la meuleuse d'angle. Apr\u00e8s avoir retir\u00e9 l'\u00e9crou, chassez la goupille \u00e0 l'aide d'un gros marteau\u00a0; cette op\u00e9ration peut s'av\u00e9rer difficile en raison de l'articulation conique. Retirez ensuite la goupille sup\u00e9rieure et s\u00e9parez les deux parties du cadre de la balan\u00e7oire.<\/p>

Avant de remplacer les bagues, retirez toute trace de graisse (n'utilisez ni essence ni diesel, car la flamme du chalumeau les endommagerait). Si vous utilisez un poste \u00e0 souder, veillez \u00e0 d\u00e9brancher la batterie. La m\u00e9thode de soudage consiste \u00e0 placer une \u00e9lectrode \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de la bague et \u00e0 effectuer des mouvements circulaires. Apr\u00e8s environ 30 secondes, la bague se r\u00e9tracte et peut \u00eatre extraite. Ins\u00e9rez imm\u00e9diatement la nouvelle bague pr\u00e9chauff\u00e9e, en utilisant une entretoise en m\u00e9tal tendre pour \u00e9viter qu'elle ne se fende.<\/p>

Certaines bagues doivent \u00eatre retir\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide d'outils sp\u00e9ciaux plut\u00f4t qu'\u00e0 la main. Les bagues du v\u00e9rin de direction peuvent \u00eatre usin\u00e9es \u00e0 la meuleuse puis extraites au burin, ou bien remplac\u00e9es par des bagues chauff\u00e9es et press\u00e9es.<\/p>

Toutes les bagues de rechange doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9par\u00e9es \u00e0 l'avance sur les lieux d'installation afin de ne pas avoir \u00e0 les chercher, car elles se r\u00e9tractent en refroidissant et deviennent plus difficiles \u00e0 installer.<\/p>

Une fois toutes les bagues du ch\u00e2ssis, du b\u00e2ti de rotation, des v\u00e9rins de rotation et de la fl\u00e8che de l'excavatrice remplac\u00e9es, le remontage peut commencer. Commencez par remplacer les rondelles de glissement du ch\u00e2ssis et du b\u00e2ti de rotation. D\u00e9butez par la suspension du b\u00e2ti de rotation et installez l'axe sup\u00e9rieur, puis ins\u00e9rez l'axe inf\u00e9rieur par le bas. Installez une rondelle et un \u00e9crou neufs, lubrifi\u00e9s avec un produit d'\u00e9tanch\u00e9it\u00e9 pour filetage, et serrez \u00e0 l'aide d'une douille de 65 mm et d'une rallonge de 1,5 m (couple de 400 \u00e0 600 Nm). Revenez ensuite \u00e0 l'axe sup\u00e9rieur, soulevez-le et installez les rondelles pour emp\u00eacher le b\u00e2ti de rotation de se d\u00e9placer verticalement. V\u00e9rifiez que le b\u00e2ti de rotation se d\u00e9place de mani\u00e8re fluide et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re sur toute sa course.<\/p>

Installez ensuite les v\u00e9rins, les nouvelles goupilles et les boulons de fixation. Placez la fl\u00e8che sur le pont \u00e9l\u00e9vateur, fixez-la avec les goupilles et raccordez le v\u00e9rin de levage. Raccordez les flexibles hydrauliques avec de nouveaux joints toriques et faites l'appoint d'huile hydraulique. Vous trouverez ici toutes les pi\u00e8ces et tous les composants n\u00e9cessaires. pour le syst\u00e8me hydraulique<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>

Enfin, peignez les zones o\u00f9 les bagues ont \u00e9t\u00e9 chauff\u00e9es avec une peinture de couleur assortie \u00e0 la machine.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mechaniko patarimas: kaip pakeisti kai\u0161\u010dius ir \u012fvores ekskavatoriui \u2013 krautuvui ir kod\u0117l t\u0105 b\u016btina daryti Statybin\u0117s technikos darbas daugiausia susij\u0119s su \u017eem\u0117s kasimu, stumdymu ir jos pakrovimu. U\u017e tai atsakingos tokios dalys kaip strel\u0117, kau\u0161as, strel\u0117s jungtis. Visi \u0161ie komponentai yra sujungti kai\u0161\u010diais ir \u012fvor\u0117mis. Tod\u0117l labai svarbu u\u017etikrinti j\u0173 ger\u0105 b\u016bkl\u0119, reguliariai tikrinti ir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":117224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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